I updated my reference Silverlight application from Silverlight 1.0 Beta (April) to Silverlight 1.0 RC and only needed two minor modifications for it to work again:
"Default.htm.js" needed a few modifications as the namespace "Sys.Silverlight" moved to "Silverlight" and event handlers in Silverlight XAML resources don't support the notation "event="javascript:handler"" anymore - which required me to simply remove the "javascript:". Then, the "Silverlight.js" script that is part of every Silverlight application, making sure the Silverlight runtime is installed on the target system, needed to be replaced. That was all.